主题
指南
🌐 Guidelines
以下是 VueUse 函数的指南。你也可以将它们作为编写自己的可组合函数或应用的参考。
🌐 Here are the guidelines for VueUse functions. You could also take them as a reference for authoring your own composable functions or apps.
你还可以通过 Anthony Fu 关于 VueUse 的演讲,了解这些设计决策的一些原因,以及编写可组合函数的一些技巧:
🌐 You can also find some reasons for those design decisions and also some tips for writing composable functions with Anthony Fu's talk about VueUse:
通用
🌐 General
- 从
"vue"导入所有 Vue API - 尽可能使用
ref替代reactive - 尽可能使用选项对象作为参数,以便将来的扩展更加灵活。
- 尽可能优先使用
shallowRef而不是ref - 在深度反应情况下,优先使用明确命名的
deepRef而不是ref - 在使用像
window这样的全局变量时,使用configurableWindow(等等)可以在处理多窗口、测试模拟和服务端渲染时更加灵活。 - 当涉及尚未被浏览器广泛支持的 Web API 时,也会输出
isSupported标志 - 在内部使用
watch或watchEffect时,也应尽可能使immediate和flush选项可配置 - 使用
tryOnScopeDispose优雅地清除副作用 - 避免使用控制台日志
- 当函数异步时,返回一个 PromiseLike
另请参阅:最佳实践
🌐 Read also: Best Practice
ShallowRef
在封装大量数据时,使用 shallowRef 替代 ref。
🌐 Use shallowRef instead of ref when wrapping large amounts of data.
ts
export function useFetch<T>(url: MaybeRefOrGetter<string>) {
// use `shallowRef` to prevent deep reactivity
const data = shallowRef<T | undefined>()
const error = shallowRef<Error | undefined>()
fetch(toValue(url))
.then(r => r.json())
.then(r => data.value = r)
.catch(e => error.value = e)
/* ... */
}可配置的全局变量
🌐 Configurable Globals
在使用类似 window 或 document 的全局变量时,在选项接口中支持 configurableWindow 或 configurableDocument 可以使函数在多窗口、测试模拟和服务端渲染等场景下更加灵活。
🌐 When using global variables like window or document, support configurableWindow or configurableDocument in the options interface to make the function flexible when for scenarios like multi-windows, testing mocks, and SSR.
了解更多关于实现的信息:_configurable.ts
🌐 Learn more about the implementation: _configurable.ts
ts
import type { ConfigurableWindow } from '../_configurable'
import { defaultWindow } from '../_configurable'
import { useEventListener } from '../useEventListener'
export function useActiveElement<T extends HTMLElement>(
options: ConfigurableWindow = {},
) {
const {
// defaultWindow = isClient ? window : undefined
window = defaultWindow,
} = options
let el: T
// skip when in Node.js environment (SSR)
if (window) {
useEventListener(window, 'blur', () => {
el = window?.document.activeElement
}, true)
}
/* ... */
}使用示例:
🌐 Usage example:
ts
// in iframe and bind to the parent window
useActiveElement({ window: window.parent })监视选项
🌐 Watch Options
在内部使用 watch 或 watchEffect 时,也应尽可能使 immediate 和 flush 选项可配置。例如 watchDebounced:
🌐 When using watch or watchEffect internally, also make the immediate and flush options configurable whenever possible. For example watchDebounced:
ts
import type { WatchOptions } from 'vue'
// extend the watch options
export interface WatchDebouncedOptions extends WatchOptions {
debounce?: number
}
export function watchDebounced(
source: any,
cb: any,
options: WatchDebouncedOptions = {},
): WatchHandle {
return watch(
source,
() => { /* ... */ },
options, // pass watch options
)
}控制
🌐 Controls
我们使用 controls 选项,允许用户在简单用法中使用单返回的函数,同时在需要时能够拥有更多的控制和灵活性。阅读更多: #362。
🌐 We use the controls option allowing users to use functions with a single return for simple usages, while being able to have more controls and flexibility when needed. Read more: #362.
何时提供 controls 选项
🌐 When to provide a controls option
- 该函数更常与单个
ref一起使用,或 - 示例:
useTimestamp,useInterval,
ts
// common usage
const timestamp = useTimestamp()
// more controls for flexibility
const { timestamp, pause, resume } = useTimestamp({ controls: true })请参考 useTimestamp 的源代码以了解 TypeScript 的正确实现方式。
🌐 Refer to useTimestamp's source code for the implementation of proper TypeScript support.
何时不提供controls选项
🌐 When NOT to provide a controls option
- 该函数更常用的是多次返回
- 示例:
useRafFn,useRefHistory,
ts
const { pause, resume } = useRafFn(() => {})isSupported 标志
🌐 isSupported Flag
在涉及浏览器尚未广泛实现的 Web API 时,也会输出 isSupported 标志。
🌐 When involved with Web APIs that are not yet implemented by the browser widely, also outputs isSupported flag.
例如 useShare:
🌐 For example useShare:
ts
export function useShare(
shareOptions: MaybeRef<ShareOptions> = {},
options: ConfigurableNavigator = {},
) {
const { navigator = defaultNavigator } = options
const isSupported = useSupported(() => navigator && 'canShare' in navigator)
const share = async (overrideOptions) => {
if (isSupported.value) {
/* ...implementation */
}
}
return {
isSupported,
share,
}
}异步可组合项
🌐 Asynchronous Composables
当一个组合函数是异步的,比如 useFetch,最好从该组合函数返回一个类似 Promise 的对象,以便用户能够等待该函数完成。这在使用 Vue 的 <Suspense> 接口时尤其有用。
🌐 When a composable is asynchronous, like useFetch, it is a good idea to return a PromiseLike object from the composable so the user is able to await the function. This is especially useful in the case of Vue's <Suspense> api.
- 使用
ref来确定函数何时应该解析,例如isFinished - 将返回状态存储在变量中,因为它必须返回两次,一次在返回中,一次在 promise 中。
- 返回类型应该是返回类型与 PromiseLike 的交集,例如
UseFetchReturn & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn>
ts
export function useFetch<T>(url: MaybeRefOrGetter<string>): UseFetchReturn<T> & PromiseLike<UseFetchReturn<T>> {
const data = shallowRef<T | undefined>()
const error = shallowRef<Error | undefined>()
const isFinished = ref(false)
fetch(toValue(url))
.then(r => r.json())
.then(r => data.value = r)
.catch(e => error.value = e)
.finally(() => isFinished.value = true)
// Store the return state in a variable
const state: UseFetchReturn<T> = {
data,
error,
isFinished,
}
return {
...state,
// Adding `then` to an object allows it to be awaited.
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
return new Promise<UseFetchReturn<T>>((resolve, reject) => {
until(isFinished)
.toBeTruthy()
.then(() => resolve(state))
.then(() => reject(state))
}).then(onFulfilled, onRejected)
},
}
}无渲染组件
🌐 Renderless Components
- 使用渲染函数代替 Vue SFC
- 将属性封装在
reactive中,以便轻松作为 props 传递给插槽 - 更喜欢使用函数选项作为 prop 类型,而不是自己重新创建它们
- 仅当函数需要绑定目标时,才将插槽封装在 HTML 元素中
ts
import type { MouseOptions } from '@vueuse/core'
import { useMouse } from '@vueuse/core'
import { defineComponent, reactive } from 'vue'
export const UseMouse = defineComponent<MouseOptions>({
name: 'UseMouse',
props: ['touch', 'resetOnTouchEnds', 'initialValue'] as unknown as undefined,
setup(props, { slots }) {
const data = reactive(useMouse(props))
return () => {
if (slots.default)
return slots.default(data)
}
},
})有时一个函数可能有多个参数,在这种情况下,你可能需要创建一个新的接口,将所有接口合并成一个用于组件属性的单一接口。
🌐 Sometimes a function may have multiple parameters, in that case, you maybe need to create a new interface to merge all the interfaces into a single interface for the component props.
ts
import type { TimeAgoOptions } from '@vueuse/core'
import { useTimeAgo } from '@vueuse/core'
interface UseTimeAgoComponentOptions extends Omit<TimeAgoOptions<true>, 'controls'> {
time: MaybeRef<Date | number | string>
}
export const UseTimeAgo = defineComponent<UseTimeAgoComponentOptions>({ /* ... */ })